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Desegregation on the Web: A List of Internet ResourcesGwen MooreReprinted from the OAH Magazine of History African American Odyssey: A Quest for Full Citizenship. The Civil Rights Era, Parts 1 and 2 This site highlights items in the Library of Congress exhibit on the African American struggle against racial inequality. The civil rights era is one of nine chronological periods examined. Part 1 examines school desegregation within the larger context of the movement. Featured are documents and photographs with brief descriptions of the Brown decision, Daisy Bates and the Little Rock Nine, and James Meredith and the University of Mississippi. Part 2 deals with breakthroughs in the arts and sports. The Constitution Community Page: Documents Related to Brown v. Board of Education Part of the National Archives and Records Administration's Digital Classroom, this site contains documents, historical background, resources, and teaching activities relating the Brown decision to the Fourteenth Amendment and the powers of the Supreme Court. The lesson correlates to the National History Standards and the National Standards for Civics and Government. Definition of Terms This web page provides a useful glossary of words, phrases, and terms related to discrimination. Compiled by the Midwest Equity Assistance Center, it is comprehensive, concise, and clear. Exploring Constitutional Conflicts. Separate But Equal? This site, maintained by Doug Linder of the University of Missouri-Kansas City Law School, explores the issue of "separate but equal" by examining five landmark cases: Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada (1938); Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954); Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan (1982) and United States v. Virginia (1996). It includes texts of the five cases, questions, suggestions for further reading, and related links. Constitutional Conflicts was created for use by law students; however, the information and issues presented are accessible to lay, nonacademic audiences and advanced high school students. From Plessy v. Ferguson to Brown v. Board of Education: The Supreme Court Rules on School Desegregation: Maintained by the Yale-New Haven Teachers' Institute, this site explores the controversial issues of forced desegregation and raises thought-provoking questions about the role of the federal government and the desirability and/or necessity of racial diversity. It includes a narrative of historic Supreme Court decisions, classroom materials, sample lesson plans, and annotated teacher and student bibliographies. The site also contains material on the civil rights struggle, racism in education, equality of educational opportunity, and the history of school desegregation. The lessons are aimed at students with a high school reading level. In Pursuit of Freedom & Equality: Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka The Brown Foundation for Educational Equity, Excellence, and Research created this site to commemorate and interpret the history of the landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Made available by the Washburn University School of Law, it contains overviews of the five combined Brown cases, full-text decisions related to Brown, an electronic exhibit, and a student activity booklet. It also provides a discussion of court cases from 1849 to 1949 that were a prelude to the Brown case, a tour of related sites in Topeka, and a bibliography. James Meredith Sponsored by the Mississippi Writers' Page, this site documents the desegregation of the University of Mississippi in 1962 by James Meredith. The site consists of a brief account, a list of relevant publications, a bibliography, and a list of Internet resources. Little Rock 1957: Pages From History Little Rock, Arkansas, mounted vociferous resistance to the integration of the city's Central High School in 1957. Using contemporaneous articles, photographs, editorials, and opinions from the Arkansas Democrat and the Arkansas Gazette, this site documents the crisis. Also included are a timeline, descriptions of key figures in the crisis, and current articles. The site is maintained by Arkansas Online, the electronic edition of the Arkansas-Democrat Gazette. Little Rock 9, Integration 0? A Collaborative WebQuest on Racial Desegregation in Schools Sponsored by Pacific Bell Education First, this WebQuest is an inquiry-based activity that uses Internet resources to examine the issue of school desegregation. Students are encouraged to work in groups and analyze pertinent issues by searching the Internet for related material and coming up with answers and solutions. The site includes a teacher's guide, background information, and questions. Also provided is a framework for writing a thoughtful essay and a form that students can use to build a thesis statement. Roberts v. Boston In 1848 the father of five-year-old Sarah Roberts sued the city of Boston to end racially segregated schools. After a failed lawsuit and a seven-year battle to seek legislative remedies, segregated schools were finally abolished in Boston in 1855, and integration became the law. This online exhibit created by the Supreme Judicial Court Historical Society of Massachusetts provides a straightforward narrative of the historic case, examining its significance and legacy. National Park Service Web Sites Related to DesegregationA History of Mexican Americans in California: Historic Sites. Westminister School/Seventeenth Street School The focus on African Americans has obscured the roles of other racial and ethnic groups in the struggle for equal education. With this site, the National Park Service calls attention to the segregation of Mexican American children in public schools by describing the efforts of Mexican American parents to abolish segregated schools in Orange County, California. Iron Hill School: An African-American One-Room School Part of the National Park Service's Teaching with Historic Places program, this lesson plan is based on the Iron Hill School, constructed in 1923 in Delaware. It was one of the more than eighty schools built between 1919 and 1928 as part of philanthropist Pierre Samuel DuPont's "Delaware experiment," an attempt to improve education for African American children. The lesson plan explores issues of racial segregation, education, and philanthropy and includes maps, images, activities, and supplementary resources. We Shall Overcome: Historic Places of the Civil Rights Movement The National Register of Historic Places tells the story of the modern African American freedom struggle through a tour of over forty historic sites in twenty states and the District of Columbia. The tour includes a photograph of each historic place and a description of its significance in the civil rights movement. It also provides an account of the "first" and "second" civil rights movements, identifies the major participants, and summarizes the strategy used in pursuing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. A bibliography of recommendations for young readers is also included. Gwen Moore is a graduate student in history at Indiana University. |
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